412:“Emperors Theodosius II and Honorius ban compulsion of public service or courtappearances for Jews on the Sabbath or any other Jewish holy day. Thus alllegal issues involving Jews must be completed between Monday and Friday, andthe Jewish Sabbath receives general protection. By the same token, Jews shouldnot summon Christians to court on Christian holy days.”
657:Caliph Muawiya defeated Caliph Ali at the Battle of Siffin. Muawiya wasthe founder of the Umayyad dynasty. Earlier, he had been instrumental inthe founding of a synagogue in Tripoli (in modern day Lebanon). TheUmayyads would take control of Jerusalem, allow the Jews to live openly in thecity and build one of their most famous mosques.