The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) dismissed Russia's appeal against a ban from competing at the 2016 Paralympic Games.
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Russia was banned from competing by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) on Aug. 7 following allegations of state-sponsored doping made in an independent report commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
While the International Olympic Committee opted against a blanket ban on Russian athletes at Rio 2016, handing responsibility to individual sport federations, the IPC took the firmer stance.
Following an appeal to CAS from the Russian Paralympic Committee (RPC), the IPC's ruling has been upheld.