Britain's Cameron Norrie will face Rafael Nadal in the quarter-finals of the Barcelona Open on Friday.
Goffin received treatment for a leg problem after seven games of the second set and, despite winning the next game, quit while down 6-0 3-5.
Twenty-time Grand Slam winner Nadal beat Japan's Kei Nishikori 6-0 2-6 6-2 to set up a second meeting with Norrie.
The Spanish world number three beat the 25-year-old Briton in the third round of the Australian Open in February.
Nadal is looking to claim a 12th Barcelona Open title, while Norrie's progress in the competition could see the British number two move back into the world's top 50.