Rafael Nadal is out of the Paris Masters after a second-round defeat to American Thomas Paul in just the Spaniard's second match since the US Open and first since becoming a father.
Defeat for Nadal, who has battled an abdominal injury since the summer, saw his hopes of ending the year as world number one suffer a huge blow.
Britons Dan Evans and Jack Draper were also eliminated in the second round.
Nadal, 36, has only played once - a Laver Cup doubles match alongside Roger Federer - since losing in the fourth round of the US Open in early September.