The 61-year-old has parted company with the club after leading it to a 2-1 victory over Paderborn that ensured Bundesliga survival.
Huub Stevens has stood down as Stuttgart coach after successfully steering the club away from Bundesliga relegation for a second straight season.
The experienced boss had a 10-game spell in charge of the club last term, helping the team avoid the drop before departing at the end of the campaign.
However, he returned to the Mercedes Benz Arena in November to replace Armin Veh at the helm, with the club rooted to the bottom of the table after 12 matches.