The Mariners recalled left-hander Vidal Nuno from Triple-A Tacoma to take Furbush's place and also called up right-hander Danny Farquhar, while optioning rookie Mayckol Guaipe back to Tacoma.
Nuno and Farquhar will both be available for Thursday's series-opening game against the Angels at Safeco Field.
Furbush has only been on the DL once before in his five-year Major League career (in 2012). The 29-year-old from Maine has posted a 2.08 ERA in 33 appearances this season with 13 holds and has stranded all 16 inherited runners.
With Furbush out, the Mariners now will rely on veteran Joe Beimel, Rule 5 Draft pick and rookie southpaw David Rollins and Nuno to handle the left-handed duties.