In October of 1943, the American submarine USS Puffer found itself in danger. It was the second year of full-scale submarine deployment in the Pacific, and Puffer was attacking a Japanese convoy in the Makassar Strait between two Indonesian islands. At ten in the morning, Puffer sighted a large Japanese cargo ship being escorted by a destroyer. With just one ship in escort, the massive cargo vessel looked like an easy prize. Submarines were crucial in crippling Japan’s imperial economy by sinking cargo ships and not letting them get to the Japanese mainland.