Premier League summer spending was only slightly down from recent years but it was much higher than Europe's other top leagues, as the transfer window closed.
Clubs spent £1.218bn, £158m down on last year's £1.376bn, says investment company Carteret Analytics.
There were 12 deadline-day Premier League signings on Monday, 5 October - the fewest total in recent years.
Arsenal signed Atletico Madrid midfielder Thomas Partey for £45.3m in the biggest deal of the day.
The deadline was later than usual as a result of the coronavirus pandemic and the season starting later. The previous two Premier League windows had closed before the more traditional start to the season in August.