Tottenham, Crystal Palace and Fulham are the only Premier League sides not to play any players younger than 21 in the top-flight this season, a CIES study has shown.
The CIES Football Observatory report, released on Monday, displays the percentage of domestic league minutes by footballers under 21, spanning 999 clubs in 71 top-tier divisions.
And the London-based trio are among only seven in Europe's big five divisions - England, France, Germany, Spain and Italy - not to field an U21 player in the league, in a damning indictment of a lack of opportunities at the top of English football.