Disclaimer: Nothing written in this article should be taken as an accusation that any athlete used any substance in order to illegally enhance their performance. All reported therapeutic use exemptions come from a recent leak of WADA documents from the Fancy Bears group, and have not had their authenticity verified. As such, they should be considered unconfirmed reports.
First, a definition is in order: For the purposes of this series of articles, a performance-enhancing drug (PED) is a substance which is banned by a governing body due to its potential ability, or perceived ability, to enhance performance.