The left-back, who the Reds signed from Porto last week, replaced Atletico Madrid's Renan Lodi on 69 minutes, to win his third cap for the national side.
At the time, the scores were level at 2-2, with Andre Carrillo and Renato Tapia twice giving the home side the lead, only to be pegged back by efforts from Neymar - from the spot - and Everton's Richarlison.
Despite only managing just over 20 minutes of action, it was an encouraging performance from Telles, who registered two key passes, created two chances and completed one successful cross.
Tite's side, who beat Bolivia 5-0 in their first Qatar 2022 qualifier last week, eventually made it six points out of six, after an eventful final 10 minutes at the Estadio Nacional.