The Saudi Arabian transfer window slamming shut would have barely been noticed 12 months ago, but the passing of this summer's deadline on Thursday will be a relief or a missed opportunity for European sides.
Saudi Arabia has been the great disruptor to the transfer market from the moment Cristiano Ronaldo touched down in January to sign for Al-Nassr, after his second spell at Man United came to a controversial end.
Ronaldo's £175million per season deal showed the riches on offer to players in the Saudi Pro League, with the Portuguese legend being followed by a host of stars.