We have not seen many elite quarterback seasons that have coexisted with 4-12 records, but that was what happened to Deshaun Watson in 2020. Watson led the NFL with 4,823 passing yards, including 33 touchdowns and seven interceptions (24:2 over the final 11 games, by the way), and he did so with Brandin Cooks and Will Fuller as his only teammates to top 450 receiving yards.
In the last decade, there have been only 24 quarterback seasons to have thrown at least 30 touchdowns passes with fewer than 10 interceptions. Of those 24 seasons, 22 resulted in a record of 10-6 or better.