Manchester City lead the way among Europe's big leagues in having the most expensively assembled starting XI across the campaign so far.
The Premier League champions have so far averaged a starting XI costing around £560m in a CIES study based on fixtures played up to October 26, in a top six that is largely dominated by clubs from England.
Given their relative financial muscle, City have tended to steer away from paying headline grabbing fees on major stars, with the exception of Jack Grealish's £100m move from Aston Villa last year.