The Liverpool No.10 entered the action in the 66th minute at the Arena da Amazonia on Tuesday night, with the score at 1-1.
Miranda had put Brazil in front within two minutes, but an own goal by Marquinhos meant the teams were level at the interval.
Coutinho had a hand in giving his country a second successive win in the qualifiers, though, by assisting Neymar to settle the game in the 74th minute.
The 24-year-old will now fly back to Merseyside ahead of Liverpool's Premier League clash with Leicester City at Anfield on Saturday evening.