Russia's footballing infrastructure has undergone a massive transformation ahead of the 2018 World Cup, with the country now littered with modern stadiums built or refurbished for the upcoming tournament.
There are so many new builds, in fact, that the home grounds of some of Russia's biggest clubs, such as CSKA Moscow's VEB Arena (opened in 2016) and Dynamo Moscow's VTB Arena (opened this year), have not been included in the bid.
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Instead, 12 stadiums have been selected centred around Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium, which has been revamped for the final.