By the time Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was forced out of office in 1890, he’d had a pretty remarkable career for a German civil servant. He had outsmarted the political leadership of three major European nations, unified a nation under his liege, King Wilhelm I of Prussia (Kaiser Wilhelm I of the German Empire), set up a complicated system of alliances creating a balance of power to avoid yet another war after German unification, isolated his domestic political opponents, instituted social policies for working class German citizens, and, most of all, consolidated and expanded the power of his king/kaiser, making Germany one of the greatest powers in 19th century Europe.