About 525 years ago, the Earth was flat, the planets and the sun revolved around the Earth, and leaders were chosen at birth and crowned by a religious figure. Over the next 265 years, a whole new set of rules reshaped how we saw the Earth and the universe, not to mention our place on and in them. Knowledge was no longer dispensed by someone with a religious agenda, but rather, it was investigated. If you wanted to know how many teeth a horse had, you went and looked inside the mouth of the horse and counted them. This may seem silly to us now, but that was such a radical new way of thinking, it upset communities, churches, and nations.