Newcastle, New South Wales.
A harbor city whose site was first occupied by the Awabakal and Worimi Aboriginal people before being discovered by Europeans in 1797 (by accident, as Captain John Shortland, its discoverer, was chasing escaped convicts when he made his way up the Hunter River), it sits on the coast of New South Wales on Australia's east side, around a hundred miles north-east of Sydney on the mouth of the Hunter River.
Newcastle grew up around coal-mining in the 19th century, and was widely known as a "hellhole" and "convict city" and served as a penal colony for the British until 1823.