Tottenham Hotspur secured the biggest bargain of the transfer window in signing Rodrigo Betancur for an up-front fee of £16M from Juventus, half what he was worth, analysts have calculated.
In contrast, Everton paid almost three-times the market value for Nathan Patterson, who signed for the Toffees from Rangers for £12M.
And Newcastle United and Aston Villa were the overall winners of the window, dramatically boosting their chances of survival, or a seventh-place finish, respectively.
Recruitment analysts, the Twenty First Group, have crunched the numbers to identify the successes and failures in a busy month, which saw English clubs spend £295M on players.